The following is a collection of all the citations found across all of the pages and posts on this site as well as additional reading I have done. Though traditional Chicago Manual Style calls for links to be inactive, I have left them in for teacher and student ease of access to the sources with which I accessed them through. Additionally, all citations for images and videos have been placed in a third section “figures” section in order to be of more use for the teachers accessing this site that may want to pull those resources for a lesson plan.
Bibliography
Primary Sources
An Ordinary Hero: The True Story of Joan Trumpauer Mulholland. Directed by Loki Mulholland. Taylor Street Films, 2013. DVD.
“Chattanooga News-Free Press Collection, February 5-February 26, 1960, Catalog No. 2016.004.004.a-aa.” Chattanooga History Center. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://chattanooga.pastperfectonline.com/archive/4CDE5151-C2C1-438A-888C-512417512147.
Chattanooga Sit-ins and Desegregation Digital Archive. Chattanooga History Center. Accessed February 19, 2017. http://chattanooga.pastperfectonline.com/.
Civil Rights History Project, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland, and John Dittmer. Joan Trumpauer Mulholland Oral History Interview Conducted by John Dittmer in Arlington, Virginia. The Library of Congress. Accessed February 19, 2017. https://www.loc.gov/item/2015669178/.
Civil Rights History Project, Joseph Mosnier, Dorie Ladner, and Joyce A. Ladner. Dorie Ann Ladner and Joyce Ladner Oral History Interview Conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Washington, D.C., 2011-09-20. Washington, D.C., November 9, 2011. The Library of Congress, Accessed February 19, 2017. https://www.loc.gov/item/afc2010039_crhp0054/.
Civil Rights History Project, Joseph Mosnier, and Freeman A. Hrabowski. Freeman A. Hrabowski Oral History Interview Conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Baltimore, Maryland, 2011-08-14. Baltimore, MD. November 8, 2011. The Library of Congress. Accessed February 19, 2017. https://www.loc.gov/item/afc2010039_crhp0032/.
Civil Rights History Project, Joseph Mosnier, and Marilyn Luper Hildreth. Marilyn Luper Hildreth Oral History Interview Conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 2011-05-24. Oklahoma City, OK. November 5, 2011. The Library of Congress. Accessed February 19, 2017. https://www.loc.gov/item/2015669111/.
Davies, Philip, and Iwan W. Morgan, eds. From Sit-ins to SNCC: The Student Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2012.
Freedom Riders. Directed by Stanley Nelson. PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. February 2010. Accessed March 2, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/watch.
King, Jr., Martin Luther. “Address Delivered at Sixteenth Street Baptist Church.” Speech, Children’s Crusade, Alabama, Birmingham, May 3, 1963.
Levine, Ellen. Freedom’s Children: Young Civil Rights Activists Tell Their Own Stories. New York: Puffin Books, 2000.
Lewis, John, and Michael D’Orso. Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2015.
Noblit, George W., ed. School Desegregation: Oral Histories Toward Understanding the Effects of White Domination. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers, 2015.
We Had Sneakers, They Had Guns: The Kids Who Fought for Civil Rights in Mississippi. Performed by Tracy Sugarman. The Library of Congress: Webcasts. March 5, 2009. Accessed February 19, 2017. https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4571.
Secondary Sources
Arbuckle, Alex Q. “February 1960 Chattanooga Sit-ins: Courageous High Schoolers Take on Angry Mobs and Fire Hoses.” Retronaut via Mashable. February 19, 2017. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://mashable.com/2017/02/19/chattanooga-sit-ins/#dNiaRz5jD8qr.
Catsam, Derek Charles. Freedom’s Main Line: The Journey of Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2011.
“Children’s Crusade.” Stanford University: Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu.ezproxy.umw.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_childrens_crusade/.
Dierenfield, Bruce J. The Civil Rights Movement:Revised First Edition. New York: Pearson Longman, 2008.
Dudley, William. The Civil Rights Movement: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.
Fisher, Marc. “When Freedom Summer Game to Town.” Moment, July 1, 2014, 32-63. Humanities International Complete.
Freeman, Jo. “The Civil Rights Vigil at the 1964 Democratic Convention.” Jo Freeman. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/mfdp64.html.
Freeman, Jo. “The Meredith Mississippi March-June 1966.” Jo Freeman. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/meredith.html.
Freeman, Jo. “The 1966 Macon County Alabama Campaign.” Jo Freeman. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/macon.html.
Germanna Community College. Civil War to Civil Rights: Trail to Freedom, February 9, 2014.
Hall, Stephen G. A Faithful Account of the Race African American Historical Writing in Nineteenth-century America. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
Hennessy, John. “Sit-in Corner: July 1960.” Fredericksburg History. August 4, 2011. Accessed March 2, 2017. https://fredericksburghistory.wordpress.com.ezproxy.umw.edu/2011/08/04/sit-in-corner-july-1960/.
Houston, Robert. “Mighty Times: The Children’s March.” Zinn Education Project. 2005. https://zinnedproject.org/materials/the-childrens-march/.
Levinson, Cynthia. We’ve Got a Job: The 1963 Birmingham Children’s March. Atlanta, GA: Peachtree Publishers, 2015.
Lewis, John, Andrew Aydin, and Nate Powell. March. Vol. 2. Marietta, GA: Top Shelf Productions, 2013.
Mastrovita, Mandy. “The 1964 Democratic National Convention and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.” Digital Library of Georgia. September 3, 2012. http://blog.dlg.galileo.usg.edu/?p=3793.
Morgan, Iwan W., and Philip Davies. From Sit-ins to SNCC: The Student Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2012.
O’Brien, M. J., and Julian Bond. We Shall Not Be Moved: The Jackson Woolworth’s Sit-In and the Movement It Inspired. Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi, 2013.
Oppenheimer, Martin. The Sit-in Movement of 1960. Edited by David J. Garrow. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Publishing, 1989.
Sidersky, Robyn. “Gladys Todd, Local Civil Rights Leader, Dies at 101.” The Free Lance-Star. January 21, 2015. Accessed March 2, 2017. http://www.fredericksburg.com/news/local/fredericksburg/gladys-todd-local-civil-rights-leader-dies-at/article_272199b8-51c3-5bc5-989f-80f98969d8c4.html.
Thornton, Steve. “The Black Panther Party in Connecticut: Community Survival Programs.” Connecticut History. Accessed April 14, 2017. https://connecticuthistory.org/the-black-panther-party-in-connecticut-community-survival-programs/.
“The Mississippi Summer Project.” PBS: American Experience. June 24, 2014. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedomsummer-project/.
Figures
Adelman, Bob. “Children’s Crusade of 1963 in Birmingham.” Digital Image. Associated Press via the UAB Visual Arts Gallery. 1963. http://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2016/03/civil_rights_photographer_bob.html.
Black Children Arrested & Assaulted in Birmingham. Performed by D’Army Bailey. Voices of the Civil Rights Movement. December 4, 2015. http://voicesofthecivilrightsmovement.com/2015/12/04/black-children-arrested-assaulted-in-birmingham/.
Blackwell, Fred. “Jackson Mississippi Sit-In May 28, 1963.” Digital image. University of Mississippi. 2014. Accessed February 19, 2017. http://www.olemiss.edu/projects/sfa/farish-street-project/.
Carter, Roosevelt H. “Students in NAACP jackets at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.” Digital image. Library of Congress. Call No. 34 in A Day Like No Other: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the March on Washington. 1963. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2009631182/.
Davidson, Bruce. “Time of Change (Protestors with Police Van, Alabama).” Digital image. Stanford University’s Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project, the King Research and Education Institute. April 1963. http://www.jacksonfineart.com/artist_exhibit.php?id=42&exhibitid=121&imageid=293.
Davidson, Bruce. “Time of Change (Young Man With…” Digital image. Stanford University’s Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project, the King Research and Education Institute. April 1963. http://www.jacksonfineart.com/artist_exhibit.php?id=42&exhibitid=121&imageid=317.
Davidson, Bruce. “Woman Sprayed by Police Hoses at Birmingham Protest.” Digital image. Stanford University’s Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project, the King Research and Education Institute. April 1963. http://www.jacksonfineart.com/artist_exhibit.php?id=42&exhibitid=121&imageid=292.
Freeman, Jo. “Counter-Protestors Spectating.” Digital Image. The Meredith Mississippi March-June 1966. 1966. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/meredith.html.
Freeman, Jo. “Hosea Williams Addresses the Crowd.” Digital Image. The Meredith Mississippi March-June 1966. 1966. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/meredith.html.
Freeman, Jo. “Marchers Line Up After Lunch.” Digital Image. The Meredith Mississippi March-June 1966. 1966. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/meredith.html.
Freeman, Jo. “Marchers Watch Rally From Courthouse Steps.” Digital Image. The Meredith Mississippi March-June 1966. 1966. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/meredith.html.
Freeman, Jo. “Old and Young Talk About the Primary Election.” Digital Image. The 1966 Macon County Alabama Campaign. 1966. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/mfdp64.html.
Freeman, Jo. “SCLC Staff and Tuskegee Institute Students.” Digital Image. The 1966 Macon County Alabama Campaign. 1966. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/mfdp64.html.
Freeman, Jo. “Stoney Cooks and Mark Harrington of SCLC.” Digital Image. The 1966 Macon County Alabama Campaign. 1966. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/mfdp64.html.
Freeman, Jo. “Young Marcher Remembers Jimmy Lee Jackson.” Digital Image. The Meredith Mississippi March-June 1966. 1966. http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/meredith.html.
Herron, Matt. “Lexington Mississippi Freedom School Opens.” Digital image. PBS: American Experience. July 1964. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedomsummer-project/.
Hudson, Bill. “Police Send a Group of African American School Children to Jail.” Digital image. Zinn Education Project via Associated Press. May 4, 1963. https://zinnedproject.org/materials/the-childrens-march/.
In Oxford | Freedom Summer 1964 | MPB. Performed by Bob Moses. Mississippi Public Broadcasting. July 2, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U52FiC50htU.
Jones, Ed. “A Police Officer Takes Away Protest Signs” Digital image. Zinn Education Project. May 3, 1963. https://zinnedproject.org/materials/the-childrens-march/.
King Leads the March on Washington. Performed by Martin Luther King, Jr. The History Channel. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement/videos/martin-luther-king-jr-leads-the-march-on-washington.
Leffler, Warren K. “Civil rights march on Wash[ington], D.C. / [WKL].” Digital image. Library of Congress. Call No. LC-U9- 10359-15 in Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. 1963. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003654394/.
Leffler, Warren K. “Civil rights march on Wash[ington], D.C. / [WKL].” Digital image. Library of Congress. Call No. LC-U9- 10361-15 in Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. 1963. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003688164/.
Mamie Chalmers on Protesting as Part of the Children’s Crusade in Birmingham, AL. Performed by Mammie Chalmers. Voices of the Civil Rights Movement. December 4, 2015. http://voicesofthecivilrightsmovement.com/2015/12/04/violence-at-the-childrens-march/.
Moore, Charles. “Birmingham Campaign Water Hoses.” Digital image. Birmingham Civil Rights Heritage Trail. May 3, 1963. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Birmingham_campaign_water_hoses.jpg.
“Police in the Street Monitoring Protesters on February 1960 Sit-In in Chattanooga, Tennessee.” Digital image. Retronaut via Mashable. February 19, 2017. http://mashable.com/2017/02/19/chattanooga-sit-ins/#dNiaRz5jD8qr.
Polumbaum, Ted. “David Owen in Mississippi.” Digital image. PBS: American Experience. June 1964. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedomsummer-project/.
Polumbaum, Ted. “David Owen Receives Medical Treatment.” Digital image. PBS: American Experience. June 1964. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedomsummer-project/.
Polumbaum, Ted. “Freedom Summer Volunteers Canvasing in Mississippi.” Digital image. PBS: American Experience. June 1964. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedomsummer-project/.
Polumbaum, Ted. “Pregnant Woman Arrested at the Freedom Day Protests.” Digital image. USA Today. July 16 1964. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/02/03/freedom-summer-1964/5190961/.
Polumbaum, Ted. “Young Man Arrested at the Freedom Day Protests.” Digital image. PBS: American Experience. July 16 1964. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedomsummer-project/.
“Students Gather at Protester Locations on February 1960 Sit-In in Chattanooga, Tennessee.” Digital image. Retronaut via Mashable. February 19, 2017. http://mashable.com/2017/02/19/chattanooga-sit-ins/#dNiaRz5jD8qr.
Student Sit-in Organizers Expelled. Performed by D’Army Bailey. Voices of the Civil Rights Movement. December 4, 2015. http://voicesofthecivilrightsmovement.com/2015/12/04/student-sit-in-organizers-expelled/.
Wang, Hansi Lo, performer. 50 Years Ago, Freedom Summer Began By Training For Battle. Recorded June 14, 2014. NPR. http://www.wnyc.org/story/50-years-ago-freedom-summer-began-by-training-for-battle/.
1964 Democratic National Convention. Performed by Robert Kennedy. The History Channel. Accessed April 14, 2017. https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/lyndon-b-johnson/videos/rfk-in-atlantic-city.
“2016.004.004.b(1).” Chattanooga News-Free Press Collection, February 5-February 26, 1960, Catalog No. 2016.004.004.a-aa. Chattanooga History Center. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://chattanooga.pastperfectonline.com/archive/4CDE5151-C2C1-438A-888C-512417512147.
“2016.004.004.c(1).” Chattanooga News-Free Press Collection, February 5-February 26, 1960, Catalog No. 2016.004.004.a-aa. Chattanooga History Center. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://chattanooga.pastperfectonline.com/archive/4CDE5151-C2C1-438A-888C-512417512147.
“2016.004.004.l(2).” Chattanooga News-Free Press Collection, February 5-February 26, 1960, Catalog No. 2016.004.004.a-aa. Chattanooga History Center. Accessed April 14, 2017. http://chattanooga.pastperfectonline.com/archive/4CDE5151-C2C1-438A-888C-512417512147.